Thursday, November 17, 2011
Saturday, October 1, 2011
Pakistani Recognized Institutions for Pharmacy Programs
Recognized Institutions for Degree Programs
Recognized Institutions for Certificate Programs
Institutions whose Requests are Under Process for Recognition of Pharm.D
All the above information are taken from http://www.eduvision.edu.pk/Rec_PCP.htm
| Sr# | Name of the Institution | Recognized Programs |
| a) | Public Sector Institutions | |
| 1. |
University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore
| B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 2. |
Univeristy of Karachi, Karachi
| B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 3. | University of Sindh, Jamshoro | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 4. | Islamia University, Bahawalpur | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 5. | University of Peshawar, Peshawar | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 6. | Bahauddin Zakriaya University, Multan | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 7. | Gomal University, D.I. Khan | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 8. | Lahore College for Women University, Lahore | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 9. | University of Sargodha, Sargodha | Pharm.D |
| 10. | University of Balochistan, Quetta | B.Pharmacy |
| 11. | Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Karachi | Pharm.D |
| 12. | Government College University, Faisalabad | Pharm.D |
| a) | Private Sector Institutions | |
| 13. | Baqai Medical University, Karachi | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 14. | Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 15. | University of Lahore, Lahore [Lahore Campus] | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 16. | Jinnah University for Women, Karachi | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 17. | Hamdard University, Karachi [Karachi Campus] | B.Pharmacy |
| 18. | Hamdard University, Islamabad [Islamabad Campus] | B.Pharmacy & Pharm.D |
| 19. | The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad | Pharm.D |
| 20. | Sarhad University, Peshawar | Pharm.D |
| 21. | Riphah International Unviersity, Islamabad | Pharm.D |
Recognized Institutions for Certificate Programs
| Sr# | Name of the Institution |
| 1. | Ace Institute of Health Sciences, Lahore |
| 2. | Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore |
| 3. | Pakistan Institute of Pharmacy, Sahiwal |
| 4. | Kings College of Pharmacy Technicians, Sahiwal |
| Sr# | Name of the Institution |
| 1. | University of Balochistan, Quetta |
| 2. | Univeristy of Malakand, Butkhela, Malakand |
| 3. | Hajvery University, Lahore |
| 4. | Univeristy of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore |
| 5. | Gandhara University, Peshawar |
| 6. | Abasyn University, Peshawar |
| 7. | COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad |
| 8. | Women Institute of Learning, Abbottabad |
| 9. | Dow College of Pharmacy, Karachi |
| 10. | Akhtar Saeed College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore |
| 11. | Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore |
Wednesday, September 7, 2011
Dangers of Avandia/Why Avandia Stopped
A growing number of Americans today are facing the problem of type 2 diabetes. There are many ways to handle it, including diet, exercise, and prescription medication. Unfortunately, many times these medications are not very well researched, and can have grave adverse effects on an already ailing body. One such medication is Avandia. Avandia was marketed to help control type 2 diabetes, along with a diet and exercise program, and often in conjunction with other medications. However, Avandia can cause fluid retention in the body, which can lead to congestive heart failure (a heart attack).
If heart problems already exist, Avandia can make them worse. Furthermore, this risk is even higher if a patient is taking insulin along with Avandia, which is very common in type 2 diabetes patients. If you or a loved one has been prescribed this medication and have experienced these side effects, you may be entitled to compensation from the drug companies that put out this dangerous product. If you or someone you know are currently using Avandia, and experience any symptoms that could be related to congestive heart failure, contact a doctor and seek medical treatment immediately. It is important that you seek the best medical and legal help available.
The Migliore law firm, located on Long Island, has represented clients in a wide range of cases in the last three decades and has worked to protect patients everywhere.If you or someone you care about has been injured due to a faulty medication, please contact the Long Island, NY law firm of Rudolph F.X. Migliore, P.C. at (631) 543-3663 to arrange a free case evaluation.
If heart problems already exist, Avandia can make them worse. Furthermore, this risk is even higher if a patient is taking insulin along with Avandia, which is very common in type 2 diabetes patients. If you or a loved one has been prescribed this medication and have experienced these side effects, you may be entitled to compensation from the drug companies that put out this dangerous product. If you or someone you know are currently using Avandia, and experience any symptoms that could be related to congestive heart failure, contact a doctor and seek medical treatment immediately. It is important that you seek the best medical and legal help available.
The Migliore law firm, located on Long Island, has represented clients in a wide range of cases in the last three decades and has worked to protect patients everywhere.If you or someone you care about has been injured due to a faulty medication, please contact the Long Island, NY law firm of Rudolph F.X. Migliore, P.C. at (631) 543-3663 to arrange a free case evaluation.
Monday, August 8, 2011
Over-the-Counter Drug Abuse (OTC Drugs)
Now-a-day there is no proper control on Over-the-Counter Drug abuse all over the world.Elder peoples abusing Dangerous Pain killers and steroids and teen ager are abusing some cough and cold remedies,
Many of these products are widely available and can be purchased at supermarkets, drugstores, and convenience stores. Many OTC drugs that are intended to treat headaches, sinus pressure, or cold/flu symptoms contain the active ingredient dextromethorphan and are the ones that teens are using to get high. When taken in high doses,it can produce a "high" feeling and can be extremely dangerous in excessive amounts.also some Cough preparations having enough amount of Alcohol.
Over-the-counter drug abuse also occurs with laxatives, diuretics, emetics, and diet pills, as teens try to achieve an idealized weight.
According to my own Pharmacy Practice i observe that high school girls are abusing drugs to reduce their weight and Boys are involve in drug abuse in order to get Mental satisfaction.
Sign,Symptom and Side effect of OTC Drug Abuse
Impaired judgment, nausea, loss of coordination, headache, vomiting, loss of consciousness, numbness of fingers and toes, abdominal pain, irregular heartbeat, aches, seizures, panic attacks, psychosis, euphoria, cold flashes, dizziness, and diarrhea.4
Addiction, restlessness, insomnia, high-blood pressure, coma, or even death.5
Teens take large doses to get high, sometimes mixing these drugs with prescription drugs, street drugs, or alcohol. Some teens crush pills and snort them for an intensified effect.
Mixing alcohol with certain medications can cause nausea and vomiting, headaches, drowsiness, fainting, and loss of coordination. It can put users at risk for internal bleeding, heart problems, and difficulties in breathing. Alcohol also can decrease the effectiveness of many needed medications or make them totally ineffective.
Some of these medications can be purchased over the counter - at a drugstore or grocery store - without a prescription, including herbal remedies and others you may never have suspected of reacting negatively with alcohol.
Over-the-counter drug abuse also occurs with laxatives, diuretics, emetics, and diet pills, as teens try to achieve an idealized weight.
According to my own Pharmacy Practice i observe that high school girls are abusing drugs to reduce their weight and Boys are involve in drug abuse in order to get Mental satisfaction.
Sign,Symptom and Side effect of OTC Drug Abuse
Impaired judgment, nausea, loss of coordination, headache, vomiting, loss of consciousness, numbness of fingers and toes, abdominal pain, irregular heartbeat, aches, seizures, panic attacks, psychosis, euphoria, cold flashes, dizziness, and diarrhea.4
Addiction, restlessness, insomnia, high-blood pressure, coma, or even death.5
Teens take large doses to get high, sometimes mixing these drugs with prescription drugs, street drugs, or alcohol. Some teens crush pills and snort them for an intensified effect.
Mixing alcohol with certain medications can cause nausea and vomiting, headaches, drowsiness, fainting, and loss of coordination. It can put users at risk for internal bleeding, heart problems, and difficulties in breathing. Alcohol also can decrease the effectiveness of many needed medications or make them totally ineffective.
Some of these medications can be purchased over the counter - at a drugstore or grocery store - without a prescription, including herbal remedies and others you may never have suspected of reacting negatively with alcohol.
Saturday, August 6, 2011
Human pharmacists replaced by robot
The pharmacy at Musgrove Park Hospital in Taunton, England, has installed a robot to fill patients' prescriptions for them. According to hospital officials, the robot -- which not only fills prescriptions but keeps records as well -- will save the hospital money and its employees time.
• The Musgrove Park Hospital Pharmacy dispenses 160,000 items and 260,000 related supplies every year. Filling these orders is a substantial burden on pharmacists' time.
• The new robot pharmacist uses barcodes to identify and sort medication. This makes it possible for human pharmacists to spend more time with patients or refiling unused medications.
• The robot can also keep records of every item in stock, and is able to check and sort all incoming orders to keep the records up-to-date.
• Two people will double check each prescription before handing it over to a patient. The robot has an error rate of one in 10,000.
• The hospital says that the robot will save it more than 1,200 hours of staff time per year, and that it has already saved the hospital £30,000 ($58,000). This implies that human pharmacists are working fewer hours, rather than devoting all their newly free time to patients.
• Quote: "The new robot has revolutionised the way we work and cut the time it takes to store, find and dispense drugs." - Principal Pharmacist Mark Ashley
This report is taken from:http://www.naturalnews.com/021758_robot_drug_pharmacists.html
• The Musgrove Park Hospital Pharmacy dispenses 160,000 items and 260,000 related supplies every year. Filling these orders is a substantial burden on pharmacists' time.
• The new robot pharmacist uses barcodes to identify and sort medication. This makes it possible for human pharmacists to spend more time with patients or refiling unused medications.
• The robot can also keep records of every item in stock, and is able to check and sort all incoming orders to keep the records up-to-date.
• Two people will double check each prescription before handing it over to a patient. The robot has an error rate of one in 10,000.
• The hospital says that the robot will save it more than 1,200 hours of staff time per year, and that it has already saved the hospital £30,000 ($58,000). This implies that human pharmacists are working fewer hours, rather than devoting all their newly free time to patients.
• Quote: "The new robot has revolutionised the way we work and cut the time it takes to store, find and dispense drugs." - Principal Pharmacist Mark Ashley
This report is taken from:http://www.naturalnews.com/021758_robot_drug_pharmacists.html
Tuesday, July 19, 2011
How to control Diabetes with Herbal Home Remedies
As we all know, millions of people all over the world have tried to let go of their mouth-watering and tasty sugar products. Diabetes is not a simple disease that can be treated immediately. Diabetes attribute for an enormous public health and social burden. Diabetes is a condition that can be prevented naturally with a balanced nutrition and can be controlled by engaging in basic exercises.
Some people do not know that it is suggested that the diet of diabetics ought to be high in fiber and low in fat. Diabetes diet is not a unique food that is put together by a pharmaceutical firm and can be obtained off the shelf. Neither is it a complex dieting plan. It is just a hale and hearty eating habit which focuses on vegetable, fruits and whole grains. Diabetes diet can as well be practiced by healthy people who want to lead a hale and hearty lifestyle.
Diabetes control with diet is a natural method geared towards finding a solution to the problem of high blood glucose levels. This approach will not yield any positive results in one night if you think so. It is a lifestyle transformation that as soon as applied and nurtured over a phase of time, will build up your overall healthiness, apart from also helping to check your diabetes.
TYPES OF DIABETES
In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not manufacture enough insulin or the cells pay no attention to the insulin. There are mainly 3 types of diabetes. The two main types are the Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. As a result, diabetes will require maintenance and permanent medication. This causes the blood sugar to builds up in the blood instead of going into cells making the pancreas produce even more insulin. However, treatment for type 1 diabetes can become burdensome for some.
There are mainly 2 types of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. However, treatment for type 1 diabetes can become burdensome for some. The syringe, insulin pump and insulin pen helps and assists insulin supplementation to control further diabetes complication. Likewise, the term "type 2 diabetes" has replaced several former terms, including adult-onset diabetes, obesity-related diabetes, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The two main types are the Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes.
DIABETES TREATMENT
Quit your smoking and your excessive intake of alcohol. If oral medications are still an insufficient form of treatment for your type 2 diabetes then you should consider taking insulin. For type 2 diabetes, start by eating healthy foods, include physical activity in your daily routine and maintain a healthy weight. Get at least 30 to 60 minutes of physical activity on most days of the week.
Some people do not know that it is suggested that the diet of diabetics ought to be high in fiber and low in fat. Diabetes diet is not a unique food that is put together by a pharmaceutical firm and can be obtained off the shelf. Neither is it a complex dieting plan. It is just a hale and hearty eating habit which focuses on vegetable, fruits and whole grains. Diabetes diet can as well be practiced by healthy people who want to lead a hale and hearty lifestyle.
Diabetes control with diet is a natural method geared towards finding a solution to the problem of high blood glucose levels. This approach will not yield any positive results in one night if you think so. It is a lifestyle transformation that as soon as applied and nurtured over a phase of time, will build up your overall healthiness, apart from also helping to check your diabetes.
TYPES OF DIABETES
In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not manufacture enough insulin or the cells pay no attention to the insulin. There are mainly 3 types of diabetes. The two main types are the Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. As a result, diabetes will require maintenance and permanent medication. This causes the blood sugar to builds up in the blood instead of going into cells making the pancreas produce even more insulin. However, treatment for type 1 diabetes can become burdensome for some.
There are mainly 2 types of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. However, treatment for type 1 diabetes can become burdensome for some. The syringe, insulin pump and insulin pen helps and assists insulin supplementation to control further diabetes complication. Likewise, the term "type 2 diabetes" has replaced several former terms, including adult-onset diabetes, obesity-related diabetes, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The two main types are the Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes.
DIABETES TREATMENT
Quit your smoking and your excessive intake of alcohol. If oral medications are still an insufficient form of treatment for your type 2 diabetes then you should consider taking insulin. For type 2 diabetes, start by eating healthy foods, include physical activity in your daily routine and maintain a healthy weight. Get at least 30 to 60 minutes of physical activity on most days of the week.
How to Control Your Nasal Allergies
Here comes summer! The long, warm days have begun. This means that there is more time for outdoor play, picnics and barbeques, hiking, trekking and beach walking. But for allergy sufferers, this season is not all fun. It could also be the worst period for allergies. In the summer, the three main allergy-causing culprits are identified as grass pollen, weed pollen and mold spores. These elements are also called allergens that cause an over-reaction of the immune system of an individual.
Inhaling Allergens
Allergens that are inhaled through the nose by a person can usually cause bothersome conditions like itching, sneezing, wheezing, coughing or difficulty in breathing. Nasal allergies or allergic rhinitis is the allergic inflammation of the nasal airways. This condition can be experienced seasonally or even all-year round by many individuals.
Nasal Allergies and Secondary Symptoms
Allergic rhinitis patients are at increased risk of developing symptoms of sinusitis, since allergens can easily be trapped in the sinus cavities. When debris and foreign elements enter and reside in the sinus cavity, patients can be subjected to additional symptoms like nasal congestion, postnasal drip, facial pain and swelling, fatigue, headache and fever. Nasal allergies do not only hamper your enjoyment this summer but also decrease your quality of living.
Summer Health Tips for Allergy Patients
1. Prepare for high pollen count days. Make sure to check your local allergy forecast at your location or destination. Close windows and avoid drying clothes and bedding outside.
2. Clean out your home and living spaces to eliminate molds. Scrub windows and ceilings with fungi-fighting cleansers.
3. Your car is said to be the extension of your home so never take it for granted. You might be surprised to find out that allergens like pollen, dust mites, and indoor spores can be lurking in the ventilation system, carpeting and upholstery of your car. Time to take out the vacuum!
4. During road trips, be aware of areas where weed and grass pollen are highly present.
5. Keep pollen at bay. After your outdoor activities, make it a point to shower and wash your hair since pollen gets in your hair and will surely end up in your eyes and nose through the night.
Advanced Allergy Treatment
Whereas decongestants and nasal sprays are almost always the first treatment options for nasal allergies, patients and doctors are presently benefiting from the results of compounded sinus and allergy medications from sinus compounding pharmacies. This system offers a wide range of advanced drug treatments for long-suffering allergic rhinitis and sinusitis patients.
Nasal Allergy
This includes nebulized therapy, a method that allows the patient to inhale nebulized liquid medication (antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal) in the form of a fine mist that goes directly into the nasal passages and sinus cavity. This is made possible by the use of a small, compact nebulizer device. The small mist particles pumped by the nebulizer effectively target the infection or blockage in the sinuses. No worries about side effects since this treatment is topical, which means that there is very low systemic absorption of medication in the blood unlike oral or intravenous therapies.
Inhaling Allergens
Allergens that are inhaled through the nose by a person can usually cause bothersome conditions like itching, sneezing, wheezing, coughing or difficulty in breathing. Nasal allergies or allergic rhinitis is the allergic inflammation of the nasal airways. This condition can be experienced seasonally or even all-year round by many individuals.
Nasal Allergies and Secondary Symptoms
Allergic rhinitis patients are at increased risk of developing symptoms of sinusitis, since allergens can easily be trapped in the sinus cavities. When debris and foreign elements enter and reside in the sinus cavity, patients can be subjected to additional symptoms like nasal congestion, postnasal drip, facial pain and swelling, fatigue, headache and fever. Nasal allergies do not only hamper your enjoyment this summer but also decrease your quality of living.
Summer Health Tips for Allergy Patients
1. Prepare for high pollen count days. Make sure to check your local allergy forecast at your location or destination. Close windows and avoid drying clothes and bedding outside.
2. Clean out your home and living spaces to eliminate molds. Scrub windows and ceilings with fungi-fighting cleansers.
3. Your car is said to be the extension of your home so never take it for granted. You might be surprised to find out that allergens like pollen, dust mites, and indoor spores can be lurking in the ventilation system, carpeting and upholstery of your car. Time to take out the vacuum!
4. During road trips, be aware of areas where weed and grass pollen are highly present.
5. Keep pollen at bay. After your outdoor activities, make it a point to shower and wash your hair since pollen gets in your hair and will surely end up in your eyes and nose through the night.
Advanced Allergy Treatment
Whereas decongestants and nasal sprays are almost always the first treatment options for nasal allergies, patients and doctors are presently benefiting from the results of compounded sinus and allergy medications from sinus compounding pharmacies. This system offers a wide range of advanced drug treatments for long-suffering allergic rhinitis and sinusitis patients.
Nasal Allergy
This includes nebulized therapy, a method that allows the patient to inhale nebulized liquid medication (antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal) in the form of a fine mist that goes directly into the nasal passages and sinus cavity. This is made possible by the use of a small, compact nebulizer device. The small mist particles pumped by the nebulizer effectively target the infection or blockage in the sinuses. No worries about side effects since this treatment is topical, which means that there is very low systemic absorption of medication in the blood unlike oral or intravenous therapies.
Wednesday, July 6, 2011
Product Design and Development.
This book contain all informations about Product Design and Development.A Comprehensive review for Production professionals.free download link.
file.rar
Thursday, June 23, 2011
Pharmacist job description and working as a pharmacist in Hospital
Pharmacist job description and working as a pharmacist in Hospital is a challenging job,according to location and responsibly we are dividing the job description of Hospital Pharmacist in the following parts.
HOSPITAL PHARMACIST AS A DRUG STORE INCHARGE:
As a drug store incharge in Hospital main job description of Pharmacist is Following.
HOSPITAL PHARMACIST AS A DRUG STORE INCHARGE:
As a drug store incharge in Hospital main job description of Pharmacist is Following.
· Preparation of Annual tenders.
· Receiving of medicines from Supplier/vendor
· Supply to all working Pharmacies.
· Consumption Report analysis.
· Preparation of Urgent/Local purchase request.
· Preparation of goods receiving report against received supplies
· Continuous contact with vender.
· Inventory control.
· Expiry management.
· Stock ageing and cost management.
HOSPITAL PHARMACIST AS INCHARGE OF OUT PATIENT PHARMACY:
As incharge of Out Patient Pharmacy main job description of Pharmacist is Following.
· Receiving of Prescription.
· Entering of prescriptions.
· Filling of prescriptions.
· Dispensing of Prescriptions.
· Patient education.
· Extemporaneous Preparations.
· Drug information.
· Inventory control.
· Preparing of monthly requests.
· Receiving of medicines from warehouse.
· Preparing of Goods receiving report.
· Expiry management.
· Zero Items Control.
· Checking stock aging on regular basis.
Sunday, June 19, 2011
Registration process for foreign pharmacy graduates for Australia
Australia is one of the beautiful country in the universe.International Pharmacists they are interested to work in Australia,
or Pharmacists need to register in Australia as a Pharmacist must visit the following,all about Pharmacist registration,procedure,fees and other relevant things,must see,specially for foreign Pharmacy Graduate.
AUSTRALIAN PHARMACY COUNCIL
or Pharmacists need to register in Australia as a Pharmacist must visit the following,all about Pharmacist registration,procedure,fees and other relevant things,must see,specially for foreign Pharmacy Graduate.
AUSTRALIAN PHARMACY COUNCIL
Australian Pharmacist
Saturday, June 18, 2011
Registration process for foreign pharmacy graduates for USA
United state of America is one of the high standard living country.International Pharmacists or foreign Pharmacy Graduate they are interested to work in US,
or Pharmacists need to register in US as a Pharmacist or Pharmacy Technician must visit the following,all about Pharmacist registration,procedure,fees and other relevant things,must see,specially for foreign Pharmacy Graduate
https://nabp.pharmacy
or Pharmacists need to register in US as a Pharmacist or Pharmacy Technician must visit the following,all about Pharmacist registration,procedure,fees and other relevant things,must see,specially for foreign Pharmacy Graduate
https://nabp.pharmacy
How To register as a Pharmacist in Canada
Canada is a dream for every professional,but specially for Pharmacists, Canada as a haven.Due to high salary and good working atmosphere .How To register as a Pharmacist or Pharmacy technician in Canada ,all about Pharmacy examination and Pharmacist registration procedure,
Sunday, June 5, 2011
Sweet Juniors Gomalion Pharmacits gathering
Increase website traffic with free website links, improve search engine rankings, and page rank.
The Indoor Gathering of Gomalion Pharmacists
The Indoor Gathering of Gomalion Pharmacists
Wednesday, June 1, 2011
Saturday, May 28, 2011
Friday, May 27, 2011
Overview Of History Of Pharmacy ( Primitive Era, Middle Ages, Modern Era ) And Types Of Pharmacy
Since 200 B.C. ,pharmacy has been inseparatble from mankind,as it is
useful for the use of basic need i.e. Health from primitive to date.
Man made his way to protect himself from diseases as best as possible
reaching out towards natural resources. Alkaloids poisoning which was hallucinogenic mimics mental ill
health. People considered these elements as a victim of God's anger
and disease as a punishment of their sin. In this process,persons who
were priest went through many herbs which were useful along with the
faith in religion. Religion was one of significant stand in the
history of therapeutics in the primitive and Middle Ages. The
traceable history of Pharmacy from 2000 BC Babylonian and Egyptians
produced tablets that are known as oldest pharmaceutical record. The
river vally people knew basic crude forms of drug administration
employed even today e.g. Gargles, suppositories, inhalation, poultices
and ointments and many different drugs like dates,garlic,castor
oil,bean etc. In primitive era,pharmacy and medicine were not two
distincts fields. However in Babylonian era,the two were separated in
different areas. As Greece also progressed, it was Greek intellectuals
who sought logical explainations and this was exemplified by the
followers of Hippocrates. They followed the scientific methods of
observations, classifications and rejection of unbeneficial practices
of drugs. In the 7th Century BC Aesculapius superceded Apollo as god
of healling. The staff of Aesculapius entwined by a sacred serpent
emerged as an official symbol of medicine around the world. His
daughter Hyggea entwined by a serpent and holding a bowl emerged as a
symbol of pharmacy.
Middle Ages
In the middle ages, Christianity prospered leaving behind
Aesculapius school of thought,Greek and Roman treatise were preserved.
In the areas of Far East, Japan, China And subcontinental Buddhist
Monks cultivated medicinal plants outsite their monastries. Galen
experimented on compound drugs. His publications were completed by
Gorio in the 11th century. Even now Galen's doctrines are in practice
and are known as Galenic Pharmacy. Muslim scholars made valueable
contributions to the knowledge of medicine and did better than
Europeans. Their methods were later translated into Latin in 11th and
12th century. By 1240 A.D. Health legislation provided separation of
pharmacy from medicine.
Modern Era
With the passage of time, medicine moved from Arabic school of
thought to the Europeans. In the meantime, Columbus reached America. A
year after him,a Swiss scientist, 1529 A.D. Introduced the idea of
human body as a chemical laboratory. In America medical College Of
Philadelphia taught pharmacy to pharmacists only and thereafter
pharmacy became different entirely.
At present, it is taken up by the multinational comanies who
support research and prepare drugs in the most sophisticated and
scientific way.
Pharmacy
It is a branch of Pharmacology, which deals with the preparation,
compounding, dispensing, and administration of drugs to the patients
with proper instructions for use. The word pharmacy is derived from "
Pharmacon " meaning medicine or drug.
Types of Pharmacy
1. Official Pharmacy
In this type of pharmacy, drugs are prepared according to formulas
and directions laid by in the pharmacopoeias and official
pharmaceutical books e.g. British Pharmaceutical Codex, British
Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopopoeia abbreviated respectively
as B.P.C, B.P, and U.S.P.
2. Extemporaneous pharmacy
In this type, pharmaceutical preparations are done by non-official
codex like formulas of some ointments not given in any official codex
or books.
3. Galenical Pharmacy
It deals with making of pharmaceutical preparation when no
chemical reaction is involved like some injections, infusions, drips
and spirits ( Having no multiple chemical drugs )
4.Gelatinous Pharmacy
It is branch, which deals with chemical preparation of drugs. Most
of the drugs are prepared by this method now a days.
5. Dispensing Pharmacy
It deals with the dispensing, compounding, and techniques
prescribed in the drugs and its direction for use.
Career scope for pharmacy professionals
From ancient times Pharmacy is known as a branch associated with healthcare services. The word Pharmacy has been derived from the Greek word "pharmakon", meaning drug. Today, the discipline of Pharmacy has made enormous progress and has matured as a distinctly independent branch as pharmaceutical sciences, mainly through the acquisition of the wealth of knowledge, research and a vast array of drugs & therapeutic remedies. Unlike the other curricula Pharmacy is a product, as well as, service related discipline, increasing its scope two-fold.
It is involved in all the stages related to a drug, from its discovery, development, action, safety, formulation, use, quality control, packaging, storage, marketing, etc. Thus, today''s pharmacy professional is a ''drug expert'' in the real sense. The profession of pharmacy has transformed into a hub for the ''Global Healthcare'' and evolved as a multidisciplinary, multifaceted curriculum.
The drugs & pharma industry is a multibillion-dollar business. In the rapidly changing global scenario and the implementation of GATT & TRIPS in Pakistan, now a matter of only a couple of years, the pharmaceutical industry and professionals will play a vital role in shaping up our national economy. This new decade is thus, bound to have an ever growing demand of pharmacy professionals not only in the country, but even worldwide. Anticipating this demand the government has taken special steps to boost this unique discipline having a blend of both -- technology, as well as, health-sciences.
Some of the Pakistani universities like the Gomal universit, University of Punjab,University of Sind etc., have given a special status to the pharmacy education by setting up a separate faculty of pharmaceutical Sciences. In Pakistan Pharmacy Education is a two-tier system After 12th Science of State Board one can opt for any of the two courses, namely Diploma (D.Pharm.) and Degree (B.Pharm and Now Pharm D).
Law and Ethics for Pharmacy Technicians
The regulatory bodies for pharmacy colleges are namely,Pharmacy Council of Pakistan (PCP) and further divided in Provisional Pharmacy Council (PPC) and the respective University to which the college is affiliated to. Today pharmacy education like the pharmaceutical industry is also in the process of globalization. In order to have uniformity in course contents, requisite standards of education, technical faculty, facilities and infrastructure at international levels, colleges are going for accreditation and certifications from internationally approved regulating agencies.
A pharmacy professional can work as a production person (chemist, officer, executive, manager, vice-president), involved in the production of bulk drug & intermediates or formulations and dosage forms.
Industries in the cosmetics, soaps, toiletries segment also hire pharmacy professionals. Other segments where opportunities exist are the field of dental products. Dental medicine is a specialized field and so is its production. These involve products dedicated to dental care and hygiene like toothpaste, mouthwashes, dental cavity fillers, etc.
Blood and plasma products is another area hitherto untapped in Pakistan, but has immense potential worldwide and is coming up fast in the country. The products involve, blood of various groups, production of blood bags, haemoglobin, plasma, serum, clotting factors, antigens, antibodies, etc.
Production of biological & biotechnological products, surgical dressings, medical devices & equipment, ayurvedic/ homoeopathic / unani medicines also involve the presence of pharmacy professionals in its production.
Other areas where pharmacy professionals are required are in production of veterinary medicine, perfumery, fragrances, nutraceuticals
Research & Development:
This forms the heart of any industry, as it is the key to growth and sustenance. Mainly M Pharms & PhDs are in great demand in the various areas of Pharmaceutical R&D. Other areas where professionals are required are:
- New Drug Discovery Research (NDDR): Discovering a new drug has assumed prime importance in the post-GATT era.
- Process Development (P&D): One of the important areas in bulk drugs industry is developing viable processes for the manufacture of drugs and intermediates for their commercial production.
- Formulation & Development (F&D): The success of any pharma company lies in the quality of its products, i.e., its formulations & dosage forms.
- Clinical Trials, Bioequivalence studies, Toxicological Studies: These are some of the areas of clinical research which are in high demand as they are involved in the systematic evaluation of potential drug substances prior to getting them approved by the authorities.
Analysis & Testing
Any drug or dosage form for human use has to be of excellent quality and purity, free from any impurities. The permissible limits of impurities, which either occurs through the manufacturing process, equipment, raw materials, handling or storage, are very stringent. Therefore, Quality control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) are the most integral areas of the drug & pharmaceutical industry. Highly specialized and trained staff is required to handle sensitive analytical procedures & sophisticated equipment. MPharm & PhDs in Pharm Analysis /Q.A. are highly preferred for this job.
Marketing
Any business is incomplete without the marketing & sales aspect, as the universal fact is that any thing produced has to be sold. The Pharma. Sales & Marketing is a highly technical field & offers excellent opportunities for the pharmacy graduates. Additional qualification like M.B.A. adds to their arsenal. An aspirant of a highly bright future can enter through various openings like starting his own retail or wholesale drug store or becoming a professional sales representative (known as medical Sales Representative or M.R.) to the levels of International Marketing & Exports. The monetary rewards and perks are the best.
Hospital Pharmacy
Another opening for a Pharmacy professional is as a "Registered Pharmacist" in the hospitals or drug stores. This is a very sought after professional especially in countries like the U.S.A. & Canada. The trend is already set in many hospitals in the country. This is a key position and the Pharmacist plays an important role form preparing prescription to the patient''s medial history after the Medical doctor has diagnosed the disease. The Pharmacist is the best-informed qualified drug expert whose advice is sought by every body regarding the dosage, incompatibilities and side effects of drugs.
Community Pharmacy
This concept, which is already very old in developed Western countries, is rapidly catching up the Healthcare service in our country. Through the services of community pharmacy a Pharmacist becomes a vital link between the patients and the products i.e., drugs. The pharmacist also serves a vital link between the patients and other healthcare professionals, especially the medical experts.
- Counseling the patients regarding the use of the drugs and dosage forms
- Providing up-to-date information on drugs/dosage forms to the patients, as well as, medical staff.
- Maintaining patient records & history
- Involved in the usage of self-diagnostic kits by the patients for disorders like diabetes, hypertension etc.
- Providing supply of Home care dosage forms.
Academics
Excellent opportunities for the professionals are available in teaching profession also. As per the A.I.C.T.E. norms the minimum entry-level qualification as lecturer is M.Pharm. This is a profession associated with job satisfaction and social status as teaching is considered to be noble profession. The higher posts in the hierarchy and Sr. Lecturer, Reader, Asst. Professor, Professor, Principal etc. The emoluments are satisfactory.
Besides teaching Academic related opportunities involve positions on Research Posts and Training programs.
Regulatory Affairs
Locally the Drug Control Authority (Drug Inspectors) is the main regulatory body governing and implementing the rules and regulations for the Drug & Pharma industry. The Authority has state branches and sub-branches(Distt, and Tehsil Level) all over the country. The job opportunities for Pharmacy graduates are excellent and range from the levels of a Drug Inspector (D.I.), Sr. D.I., Deputy Drug Controller, Asst. Drug Controller, Drug Controller and finally provisional Drug Controller and Federal Drug controller. This is highly respected and sought after profession. A graduate in Pharmacy is the minimum eligibility.
With globalization process reaching out to Pakistan, the geographical barriers have become obsolete. Any country will have to compete and trade globally in order to progress and survive in the years to come. The major drugs and pharma. Companies have realized this fact and have stepped into the global area of competitive trade. If a Pakistani manufacturer wants to sell his drug or formulation to a foreign country it is mandatory that he has to fulfill all the statutory requirements laid by the regulatory authorities of that country. Also, his product needs to be perfectly as per the specifications laid down by the concerned regulatory authority. Thus, in order to enter into trade with the foreign countries it is mandatory to get the necessary approvals and sanctions as per the formats given by local regulatory authorities. E.g. Approvals to be obtained from U.S.F.D.A. for U.S.A, T.G.A. for Australia & N>Zeeland, M.C.A and M.C.M. for U.K. & European countries and ICH guidelines going to be uniform for international levels.
We having one attractive international Market for our Pharmaceuticals That is Afghanistan,very near and easily approachable and comparatively less competitive.
Since, the business involved is worth multibillion dollars; this branch has assumed tremendous significance and is bound to grow enormously, in the Post-GATT era. Many big players in the drugs & pharma. field has already established separate Regulatory Affairs Departments in their companies. Regulatory experts are thus in great demand. Since, the field is highly technical Pharmacy professionals again fit in these positions. Similarly, Patents and Trademarks, I.P.R. Experts are also in high demand as far as the pharma. industry is concerned.
Documentation, Library Information Services & Pharma. Journalism:
The Regulatory Affairs as well as, Patenting Processes and Issues involve a lot of documentation work to be done and submitted to the concerned Regulatory Authorities, in a highly specialized and technical manner. Pharmacy professionals are again fitting in the bill. Most of the major Pakistani Pharma. companies have established separate Documentation Departments with a highly technical & skilled staff for this purpose.
Similarly, the R & D & Q.C. Departments of the Pharma. Companies need a wealth of Technical information, which needs to be updated regularly, in order to match the pace of global competition. Therefore, Library Information services is another field in much demand as far as the Pharma. industry is concerned. Furthermore, with the advent & boom of the Information Technology, Bio-Informatics and Electronic Data Retrieval Systems, this field is already scaling new heights.
Pharma- Journalism is another area filled with great potentialities. This requires specialist technical personnel like pharmacy graduates on the editorial staff to cover the various aspects. There is already a very lucrative business in this field.
Consultancy
This is an ideal opportunity for highly technical and experienced pharmacy professionals to earn handsomely as self-employed entrepreneurs, even after the age of retirement. Consultancy services in Pharmacy are offered in various fields against very attractive financial fees
- Regulatory Affairs
- Documentation
- Approvals
- Manufacturing Processes
- Analytical Series
- Research
- Market Surveys & Sales Promotion
- Information Retrieval
- Data Management
- Turn Key Projects, etc.
Opportunities Abroad
Golden opportunities galore for qualified Pharmacy professionals in various courtiers including the U.S.A., Canada, European Countries like U.K., France, Germany, African Countries like S. Africa, Nigeria, Yemen, Gulf Countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, South East Asian Countries like Singapore, Korea, Japan, etc. and the Australian Continent including N.Zealand.
There are plenty of higher education and research opportunities in the developed western countries along with excellent job openings. The pharmaceutical career is one of the highest rewarding careers in these countries.
The monetary job benefits abroad are highly exciting, job profiles in African Countries like, andNigeria, Yemen & Gulf Countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait mainly as pharmacists in drug stores and hospitals.
In developed Western countries the job opportunities are manifold and almost in any one of the ten vocations discussed above.
It is involved in all the stages related to a drug, from its discovery, development, action, safety, formulation, use, quality control, packaging, storage, marketing, etc. Thus, today''s pharmacy professional is a ''drug expert'' in the real sense. The profession of pharmacy has transformed into a hub for the ''Global Healthcare'' and evolved as a multidisciplinary, multifaceted curriculum.
The drugs & pharma industry is a multibillion-dollar business. In the rapidly changing global scenario and the implementation of GATT & TRIPS in Pakistan, now a matter of only a couple of years, the pharmaceutical industry and professionals will play a vital role in shaping up our national economy. This new decade is thus, bound to have an ever growing demand of pharmacy professionals not only in the country, but even worldwide. Anticipating this demand the government has taken special steps to boost this unique discipline having a blend of both -- technology, as well as, health-sciences.
Some of the Pakistani universities like the Gomal universit, University of Punjab,University of Sind etc., have given a special status to the pharmacy education by setting up a separate faculty of pharmaceutical Sciences. In Pakistan Pharmacy Education is a two-tier system After 12th Science of State Board one can opt for any of the two courses, namely Diploma (D.Pharm.) and Degree (B.Pharm and Now Pharm D).
Law and Ethics for Pharmacy Technicians
The regulatory bodies for pharmacy colleges are namely,Pharmacy Council of Pakistan (PCP) and further divided in Provisional Pharmacy Council (PPC) and the respective University to which the college is affiliated to. Today pharmacy education like the pharmaceutical industry is also in the process of globalization. In order to have uniformity in course contents, requisite standards of education, technical faculty, facilities and infrastructure at international levels, colleges are going for accreditation and certifications from internationally approved regulating agencies.
A pharmacy professional can work as a production person (chemist, officer, executive, manager, vice-president), involved in the production of bulk drug & intermediates or formulations and dosage forms.
Industries in the cosmetics, soaps, toiletries segment also hire pharmacy professionals. Other segments where opportunities exist are the field of dental products. Dental medicine is a specialized field and so is its production. These involve products dedicated to dental care and hygiene like toothpaste, mouthwashes, dental cavity fillers, etc.
Blood and plasma products is another area hitherto untapped in Pakistan, but has immense potential worldwide and is coming up fast in the country. The products involve, blood of various groups, production of blood bags, haemoglobin, plasma, serum, clotting factors, antigens, antibodies, etc.
Production of biological & biotechnological products, surgical dressings, medical devices & equipment, ayurvedic/ homoeopathic / unani medicines also involve the presence of pharmacy professionals in its production.
Other areas where pharmacy professionals are required are in production of veterinary medicine, perfumery, fragrances, nutraceuticals
Research & Development:
This forms the heart of any industry, as it is the key to growth and sustenance. Mainly M Pharms & PhDs are in great demand in the various areas of Pharmaceutical R&D. Other areas where professionals are required are:
- New Drug Discovery Research (NDDR): Discovering a new drug has assumed prime importance in the post-GATT era.
- Process Development (P&D): One of the important areas in bulk drugs industry is developing viable processes for the manufacture of drugs and intermediates for their commercial production.
- Formulation & Development (F&D): The success of any pharma company lies in the quality of its products, i.e., its formulations & dosage forms.
- Clinical Trials, Bioequivalence studies, Toxicological Studies: These are some of the areas of clinical research which are in high demand as they are involved in the systematic evaluation of potential drug substances prior to getting them approved by the authorities.
Analysis & Testing
Any drug or dosage form for human use has to be of excellent quality and purity, free from any impurities. The permissible limits of impurities, which either occurs through the manufacturing process, equipment, raw materials, handling or storage, are very stringent. Therefore, Quality control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) are the most integral areas of the drug & pharmaceutical industry. Highly specialized and trained staff is required to handle sensitive analytical procedures & sophisticated equipment. MPharm & PhDs in Pharm Analysis /Q.A. are highly preferred for this job.
Marketing
Any business is incomplete without the marketing & sales aspect, as the universal fact is that any thing produced has to be sold. The Pharma. Sales & Marketing is a highly technical field & offers excellent opportunities for the pharmacy graduates. Additional qualification like M.B.A. adds to their arsenal. An aspirant of a highly bright future can enter through various openings like starting his own retail or wholesale drug store or becoming a professional sales representative (known as medical Sales Representative or M.R.) to the levels of International Marketing & Exports. The monetary rewards and perks are the best.
Hospital Pharmacy
Another opening for a Pharmacy professional is as a "Registered Pharmacist" in the hospitals or drug stores. This is a very sought after professional especially in countries like the U.S.A. & Canada. The trend is already set in many hospitals in the country. This is a key position and the Pharmacist plays an important role form preparing prescription to the patient''s medial history after the Medical doctor has diagnosed the disease. The Pharmacist is the best-informed qualified drug expert whose advice is sought by every body regarding the dosage, incompatibilities and side effects of drugs.
Community Pharmacy
This concept, which is already very old in developed Western countries, is rapidly catching up the Healthcare service in our country. Through the services of community pharmacy a Pharmacist becomes a vital link between the patients and the products i.e., drugs. The pharmacist also serves a vital link between the patients and other healthcare professionals, especially the medical experts.
- Counseling the patients regarding the use of the drugs and dosage forms
- Providing up-to-date information on drugs/dosage forms to the patients, as well as, medical staff.
- Maintaining patient records & history
- Involved in the usage of self-diagnostic kits by the patients for disorders like diabetes, hypertension etc.
- Providing supply of Home care dosage forms.
Academics
Excellent opportunities for the professionals are available in teaching profession also. As per the A.I.C.T.E. norms the minimum entry-level qualification as lecturer is M.Pharm. This is a profession associated with job satisfaction and social status as teaching is considered to be noble profession. The higher posts in the hierarchy and Sr. Lecturer, Reader, Asst. Professor, Professor, Principal etc. The emoluments are satisfactory.
Besides teaching Academic related opportunities involve positions on Research Posts and Training programs.
Regulatory Affairs
Locally the Drug Control Authority (Drug Inspectors) is the main regulatory body governing and implementing the rules and regulations for the Drug & Pharma industry. The Authority has state branches and sub-branches(Distt, and Tehsil Level) all over the country. The job opportunities for Pharmacy graduates are excellent and range from the levels of a Drug Inspector (D.I.), Sr. D.I., Deputy Drug Controller, Asst. Drug Controller, Drug Controller and finally provisional Drug Controller and Federal Drug controller. This is highly respected and sought after profession. A graduate in Pharmacy is the minimum eligibility.
With globalization process reaching out to Pakistan, the geographical barriers have become obsolete. Any country will have to compete and trade globally in order to progress and survive in the years to come. The major drugs and pharma. Companies have realized this fact and have stepped into the global area of competitive trade. If a Pakistani manufacturer wants to sell his drug or formulation to a foreign country it is mandatory that he has to fulfill all the statutory requirements laid by the regulatory authorities of that country. Also, his product needs to be perfectly as per the specifications laid down by the concerned regulatory authority. Thus, in order to enter into trade with the foreign countries it is mandatory to get the necessary approvals and sanctions as per the formats given by local regulatory authorities. E.g. Approvals to be obtained from U.S.F.D.A. for U.S.A, T.G.A. for Australia & N>Zeeland, M.C.A and M.C.M. for U.K. & European countries and ICH guidelines going to be uniform for international levels.
We having one attractive international Market for our Pharmaceuticals That is Afghanistan,very near and easily approachable and comparatively less competitive.
Since, the business involved is worth multibillion dollars; this branch has assumed tremendous significance and is bound to grow enormously, in the Post-GATT era. Many big players in the drugs & pharma. field has already established separate Regulatory Affairs Departments in their companies. Regulatory experts are thus in great demand. Since, the field is highly technical Pharmacy professionals again fit in these positions. Similarly, Patents and Trademarks, I.P.R. Experts are also in high demand as far as the pharma. industry is concerned.
Documentation, Library Information Services & Pharma. Journalism:
The Regulatory Affairs as well as, Patenting Processes and Issues involve a lot of documentation work to be done and submitted to the concerned Regulatory Authorities, in a highly specialized and technical manner. Pharmacy professionals are again fitting in the bill. Most of the major Pakistani Pharma. companies have established separate Documentation Departments with a highly technical & skilled staff for this purpose.
Similarly, the R & D & Q.C. Departments of the Pharma. Companies need a wealth of Technical information, which needs to be updated regularly, in order to match the pace of global competition. Therefore, Library Information services is another field in much demand as far as the Pharma. industry is concerned. Furthermore, with the advent & boom of the Information Technology, Bio-Informatics and Electronic Data Retrieval Systems, this field is already scaling new heights.
Pharma- Journalism is another area filled with great potentialities. This requires specialist technical personnel like pharmacy graduates on the editorial staff to cover the various aspects. There is already a very lucrative business in this field.
Consultancy
This is an ideal opportunity for highly technical and experienced pharmacy professionals to earn handsomely as self-employed entrepreneurs, even after the age of retirement. Consultancy services in Pharmacy are offered in various fields against very attractive financial fees
- Regulatory Affairs
- Documentation
- Approvals
- Manufacturing Processes
- Analytical Series
- Research
- Market Surveys & Sales Promotion
- Information Retrieval
- Data Management
- Turn Key Projects, etc.
Opportunities Abroad
Golden opportunities galore for qualified Pharmacy professionals in various courtiers including the U.S.A., Canada, European Countries like U.K., France, Germany, African Countries like S. Africa, Nigeria, Yemen, Gulf Countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, South East Asian Countries like Singapore, Korea, Japan, etc. and the Australian Continent including N.Zealand.
There are plenty of higher education and research opportunities in the developed western countries along with excellent job openings. The pharmaceutical career is one of the highest rewarding careers in these countries.
The monetary job benefits abroad are highly exciting, job profiles in African Countries like, andNigeria, Yemen & Gulf Countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait mainly as pharmacists in drug stores and hospitals.
In developed Western countries the job opportunities are manifold and almost in any one of the ten vocations discussed above.
History of Pharmacy
It was in 9th century in the civilized world around Baghdad that the profession of pharmacy started acquiring shape. It slowly spread to Europe as alchemy and finally developed into chemistry. The first known chemical process was carried out by the artisans of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China. However in the 19th century it completely sprouted out from medicine and started developing as a separate profession. This happened only when the role of pharmacist as a compounder of medicines were identified and differentiated from physician whose role was accepted as the therapist. The practice in those times was restricted to compounding, dispensing medication and manufacturing medicaments in bulk lots not for general sale. The medicament commonly produced was simple elixirs, spirits, and powders in contrast to the complex pharmaceutical remedies of the present era. The 19th century witnessed various milestones being set in the field of pharmacy. In 1821, first school of pharmacy was established in U.S at Philadelphia. The first U.S pharmacopoeia was published in 1820. American pharmacist association was founded in 1852.The first National formulary was published in 1888.
The inception of pharmacy profession in Indian region was marked by the first class of the chemist and druggist conducted at the Madras medical college in 1870s to train students to gain skills in pharmacy practice. Pharmacy education pattern was based on the instructions provided by the pharmaceutical society of Great Britain. A formal training of the compounders was started in 1881 in Bengal.
The inception of pharmacy profession in Indian region was marked by the first class of the chemist and druggist conducted at the Madras medical college in 1870s to train students to gain skills in pharmacy practice. Pharmacy education pattern was based on the instructions provided by the pharmaceutical society of Great Britain. A formal training of the compounders was started in 1881 in Bengal.
Pharmacist Code of Ethics & Oath
Pharmacists are health professionals who assist individuals in making the best use of medications. This Code, prepared and supported by pharmacists, is intended to state publicly the principles that form the fundamental basis of the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists. These principles, based on moral obligations and virtues, are established to guide pharmacists in relationships with patients, health professionals, and society.
I. A pharmacist respects the covenantal relationship between the patient and pharmacist.
Considering the patient-pharmacist relationship as a covenant means that a pharmacist has moral obligations in response to the gift of trust received from society. In return for this gift, a pharmacist promises to help individuals achieve optimum benefit from their medications, to be committed to their welfare, and to maintain their trust.
II. A pharmacist promotes the good of every patient in a caring, compassionate, and confidential manner.
A pharmacist places concern for the well-being of the patient at the center of professional practice. In doing so, a pharmacist considers needs stated by the patient as well as those defined by health science. A pharmacist is dedicated to protecting the dignity of the patient. With a caring attitude and a compassionate spirit, a pharmacist focuses on serving the patient in a private and confidential manner.
III. A pharmacist respects the autonomy and dignity of each patient.
A pharmacist promotes the right of self-determination and recognizes individual self-worth by encouraging patients to participate in decisions about their health. A pharmacist communicates with patients in terms those are understandable. In all cases, a pharmacist respects personal and cultural differences among patients.
IV. A pharmacist acts with honesty and integrity in professional relationships.
A pharmacist has a duty to tell the truth and to act with conviction of conscience. A pharmacist avoids discriminatory practices, behavior or work conditions that impair professional judgment, and actions that compromise dedication to the best interests of patients.
V. A pharmacist maintains professionalcompetence.
A pharmacist has a duty to maintain knowledge and abilities as new medications, devices, and technologies become available and as health information advances.
VI. A pharmacist respects the values and abilities of colleagues and other health professionals.
When appropriate, a pharmacist asks for the consultation of colleagues or other health professionals or refers the patient. A pharmacist acknowledges that colleagues and other health professionals may differ in the beliefs and values they apply to the care of the patient.
VII. A pharmacist serves individual, community, and societal needs.
The primary obligation of a pharmacist is to individual patients. However, the obligations of a pharmacist may at times extend beyond the individual to the community and society. In these situations, the pharmacist recognizes the responsibilities that accompany these obligations and acts accordingly.
VIII. A pharmacist seeks justice in the distribution of health resources.
When health resources are allocated, a pharmacist is fair and equitable, balancing the needs of patients and society.
*adopted by the membership of the American Pharmacists Association October 27, 1994.
Oath of a Pharmacist
At this time, I vow to devote my professional life to the service of all humankind through the profession of pharmacy.
I will consider the welfare of humanity and relief of human suffering my primary concerns.
I will apply my knowledge, experience, and skills to the best of my ability to assure optimal drug therapy outcomes for the patients I serve.
I will keep abreast of developments and maintain professional competency in my profession of pharmacy. I will maintain the highest principles of moral, ethical and legal conduct.
I will embrace and advocate change in the profession of pharmacy that improves patient care.
I take these vows voluntarily with the full realization of the responsibility with which I am entrusted by the public.
CODE OF ETHICS: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's <i>Encyclopedia of Bioethics</i>
I. A pharmacist respects the covenantal relationship between the patient and pharmacist.
Considering the patient-pharmacist relationship as a covenant means that a pharmacist has moral obligations in response to the gift of trust received from society. In return for this gift, a pharmacist promises to help individuals achieve optimum benefit from their medications, to be committed to their welfare, and to maintain their trust.
II. A pharmacist promotes the good of every patient in a caring, compassionate, and confidential manner.
A pharmacist places concern for the well-being of the patient at the center of professional practice. In doing so, a pharmacist considers needs stated by the patient as well as those defined by health science. A pharmacist is dedicated to protecting the dignity of the patient. With a caring attitude and a compassionate spirit, a pharmacist focuses on serving the patient in a private and confidential manner.
III. A pharmacist respects the autonomy and dignity of each patient.
A pharmacist promotes the right of self-determination and recognizes individual self-worth by encouraging patients to participate in decisions about their health. A pharmacist communicates with patients in terms those are understandable. In all cases, a pharmacist respects personal and cultural differences among patients.
IV. A pharmacist acts with honesty and integrity in professional relationships.
A pharmacist has a duty to tell the truth and to act with conviction of conscience. A pharmacist avoids discriminatory practices, behavior or work conditions that impair professional judgment, and actions that compromise dedication to the best interests of patients.
V. A pharmacist maintains professionalcompetence.
A pharmacist has a duty to maintain knowledge and abilities as new medications, devices, and technologies become available and as health information advances.
VI. A pharmacist respects the values and abilities of colleagues and other health professionals.
When appropriate, a pharmacist asks for the consultation of colleagues or other health professionals or refers the patient. A pharmacist acknowledges that colleagues and other health professionals may differ in the beliefs and values they apply to the care of the patient.
VII. A pharmacist serves individual, community, and societal needs.
The primary obligation of a pharmacist is to individual patients. However, the obligations of a pharmacist may at times extend beyond the individual to the community and society. In these situations, the pharmacist recognizes the responsibilities that accompany these obligations and acts accordingly.
VIII. A pharmacist seeks justice in the distribution of health resources.
When health resources are allocated, a pharmacist is fair and equitable, balancing the needs of patients and society.
*adopted by the membership of the American Pharmacists Association October 27, 1994.
Oath of a Pharmacist
At this time, I vow to devote my professional life to the service of all humankind through the profession of pharmacy.
I will consider the welfare of humanity and relief of human suffering my primary concerns.
I will apply my knowledge, experience, and skills to the best of my ability to assure optimal drug therapy outcomes for the patients I serve.
I will keep abreast of developments and maintain professional competency in my profession of pharmacy. I will maintain the highest principles of moral, ethical and legal conduct.
I will embrace and advocate change in the profession of pharmacy that improves patient care.
I take these vows voluntarily with the full realization of the responsibility with which I am entrusted by the public.
CODE OF ETHICS: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's <i>Encyclopedia of Bioethics</i>
Tuesday, May 24, 2011
Monday, May 23, 2011
Community Pharmacy hand book
This book is an essential guide for Community Pharmacists,a breif explanation to all Areas of Community Pharmacy.That is Job description of Community Pharmacists,role of community Pharmacist regarding OTC Drug misuse and Drug abuse.Following is the free Download of Community Pharmacy handbook
Sunday, May 22, 2011
Sinus Compounding Pharmacy – Customized Medications for Your Exact Needs
How about Customized Sinus Medication for a Change?
Prior to the emergence of mass-produced medications, most drugs provided individual treatments that were hinged on the particular complaints of individual sufferers. Only in the 1930s were these replaced by laboratory-produced medications that cater to a far larger population of patients. But with medical science going full circle, compounding pharmacy is rapidly becoming the trend in treating sinusitis.
What is the Goal of Sinus Compounding Pharmacy?
Medical science has long ago understood that not all medications work for everybody - that mass-produced drugs do not always guarantee cure, and that two patients with the same condition do not always respond to medications in the same manner. The point is, medical conditions are not always the same for all patients and while one treatment method is proven to be very effective for the majority of patients, this is not an assurance that every patient will respond favorably to a generally effective method. Thus, the need for drugs that are customized to the requirements of individual patients - drugs that are designed with the unique condition of the patients in mind.
When is Compounding Pharmacy Applicable in the Treatment of Sinusitis?
Compounding pharmacy, although available to everyone, is only called-for when the following situations arise:
When mass-produced medications cannot meet the particular dosage of a patient. Because most drug dosages were designed to meet a wide spectrum of patients, only a small number of cases need special dosages. Usually, this group of individuals comprise of infants who can tolerate only small dosages or children and adults whose dosage requirements are not met by dosage range of commercially available medications.
When the particular drug needed by the patient had been discontinued years ago by pharmaceutical manufacturers. There have been many cases of sinusitis where patients require drugs that are no longer available in the market. Now, production of small amounts of these discontinued drugs are permitted only when there is a compelling need to produce them. Otherwise, mainstream drugs are administered.
When an alternative method of delivering medication is needed. Most drugs for sinusitis, antibiotics for example, are available in pill and tablet forms. For patients who have difficulty swallowing medications or are incapable of ingesting them, and for those patients who do not respond to intravenous medications, other forms of delivering the medication are needed. Such is the case of nebulized antibiotics and other aerosolized medications. Nebulized antibiotics were created years ago to cater to the demands of patients who, after undergoing a series of treatments including surgery, were still bothered by symptoms of sinusitis. Because nebulizers containing antibiotics can deliver the medication in mist form more directly than their tablet counterparts, they can chop the cause of the symptoms off its roots easily, leading to more efficient symptom management and faster relief.
Sinus compounding pharmacy is a very tricky business. It is, for the most parts, experimental and deals with special cases whose responsiveness to new methods of pharmacy-based therapy is unstable, at best. It is, thus, very important to find companies that can guarantee that the safety of the patients are not compromised.
Prior to the emergence of mass-produced medications, most drugs provided individual treatments that were hinged on the particular complaints of individual sufferers. Only in the 1930s were these replaced by laboratory-produced medications that cater to a far larger population of patients. But with medical science going full circle, compounding pharmacy is rapidly becoming the trend in treating sinusitis.
What is the Goal of Sinus Compounding Pharmacy?
Medical science has long ago understood that not all medications work for everybody - that mass-produced drugs do not always guarantee cure, and that two patients with the same condition do not always respond to medications in the same manner. The point is, medical conditions are not always the same for all patients and while one treatment method is proven to be very effective for the majority of patients, this is not an assurance that every patient will respond favorably to a generally effective method. Thus, the need for drugs that are customized to the requirements of individual patients - drugs that are designed with the unique condition of the patients in mind.
When is Compounding Pharmacy Applicable in the Treatment of Sinusitis?
Compounding pharmacy, although available to everyone, is only called-for when the following situations arise:
When mass-produced medications cannot meet the particular dosage of a patient. Because most drug dosages were designed to meet a wide spectrum of patients, only a small number of cases need special dosages. Usually, this group of individuals comprise of infants who can tolerate only small dosages or children and adults whose dosage requirements are not met by dosage range of commercially available medications.
When the particular drug needed by the patient had been discontinued years ago by pharmaceutical manufacturers. There have been many cases of sinusitis where patients require drugs that are no longer available in the market. Now, production of small amounts of these discontinued drugs are permitted only when there is a compelling need to produce them. Otherwise, mainstream drugs are administered.
When an alternative method of delivering medication is needed. Most drugs for sinusitis, antibiotics for example, are available in pill and tablet forms. For patients who have difficulty swallowing medications or are incapable of ingesting them, and for those patients who do not respond to intravenous medications, other forms of delivering the medication are needed. Such is the case of nebulized antibiotics and other aerosolized medications. Nebulized antibiotics were created years ago to cater to the demands of patients who, after undergoing a series of treatments including surgery, were still bothered by symptoms of sinusitis. Because nebulizers containing antibiotics can deliver the medication in mist form more directly than their tablet counterparts, they can chop the cause of the symptoms off its roots easily, leading to more efficient symptom management and faster relief.
Sinus compounding pharmacy is a very tricky business. It is, for the most parts, experimental and deals with special cases whose responsiveness to new methods of pharmacy-based therapy is unstable, at best. It is, thus, very important to find companies that can guarantee that the safety of the patients are not compromised.
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